23 September 2022
The undersigned human rights organizations call on the Egyptian authorities to intervene
quickly to end the detention of blogger and journalist Mohamed Ibrahim Radwan, known as
Mohamed Oxygen, stop all forms of violations he faces inside the prison, and to hold
accountable all those involved in committing these violations that contravene the law and
the constitution.
By 21 September 2022, Oxygen will complete three years of detention – in solitary
confinement most of the time – in Maximum Security Prison 2, in the Tora prison complex.
He was held in pretrial detention in connection with three different cases until the
Emergency Supreme State Security Misdemeanor Court issued a final ruling against him,
sentencing him to four years in prison.
Oxygen is an Egyptian journalist and blogger who owns the “Oxygen Egypt” blog. He is
currently detained in Maximum Security Prison 2 in Cairo, known for its harsh and inhumane
detention conditions. He is denied leaving his cell or being exposed to the sun. He has not
had access to adequate health care and has not been allowed visits from his family or
lawyers since February 2020.
Oxygen was arrested for the second time on 21 September 2019 while implementing
precautionary measures at Al-Basateen police station after his detention in Case No. 621 of
2018 was replaced by precautionary measures by a decision by the Terrorism Circuit of the
Cairo Criminal Court. He remained under enforced disappearance for 18 days until he
appeared before the Supreme State Security Prosecution on 8 October 2019, in connection
with Case No. 1356 of 2019 (State Security). The prosecution charged him with spreading
false news that would harm the country, and joining a banned group, the exact charges he
faced in the first case. After spending 14 months in pretrial detention, Oxygen was released
under precautionary measures. The Ministry of Interior refused to implement the decision
to release him, and he was "recycled from inside his prison" into Case No. 855 of 2020 to
prevent him from being released.
On 20 December 2021, the Emergency State Security Misdemeanors Court sentenced
Oxygen to four years in prison and ordered him to pay a fine of 200,000 pounds, in Case No.
1228 of 2021 (Emergency State Security). This judgment is final and not subject to appeal.
Violations against Oxygen included arrest, enforced disappearance, torture, physical assault,
illegal detention, recycling into new cases from inside his prison, detention in connection
with more than one case at the same time, in addition to the four-year prison sentence
issued against him.
During Oxygen's trial, his right to a fair trial was violated in many ways, as the Supreme State
Security Prosecution and the Cairo Criminal Court continued to renew his pretrial detention
despite the absence of legal justifications in accordance with the Criminal Procedures Law.
His lawyer was also prevented from obtaining a copy of the case papers, which undermined
the lawyer’s ability to present his argument. Moreover, Oxygen was subjected to threats,
psychological terror, and ill-treatment.
During his prolonged imprisonment, Oxygen tried to commit suicide inside his cell, but the
prison administration saved him in the last moments. His life is still in danger, especially as
his psychological condition continued to deteriorate after the death of his mother in
February 2022 and his refusal to leave the prison to receive condolences.
Therefore, the undersigned organizations call on the Egyptian authorities to immediately
and unconditionally release Oxygen, and to stop all forms of abuse against him. They also
call on the presidential pardon committee, the National Council for Human Rights, and the
Parliament's Human Rights Committee to intervene to ensure Oxygen’s freedom by ending
his prolonged imprisonment.
Signatories:
1. Association for Freedom of Thought and Expression (AFTE).
2. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR).
3. Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies.
4. Reporters Without Borders.
5. IFEX.
6. Egyptian Front for Human Rights (EFHR).
7. Intersection Association for Rights and Freedoms- Tunisia.
8. Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms.
9. Committee for Justice.
10. Freedom Initiative.
11. The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP).
12. Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights.